Diversity of Insects Associated with Banana in Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Epidemic Areas of Western Kenya
Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research,
Page 1-12
DOI:
10.9734/ajahr/2022/v9i230137
Abstract
Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) caused by "Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum″ (Xcm) is a disease that devastates bananas production. The Xcm kills banana plants quickly, spreads rapidly and causes loss of upto 100%. The BXW disease spread on banana occurs mainly through insect vectors which use banana male flower for nectar. A study on banana insect diversity and abundance in epidemic areas of BXW was done in western Kenya. The objective was to determining the diversity of insects associated with banana in BXW epidermic areas in western Kenya including Busia, Kakamega and Siaya counties. A collection of all types of insects visiting inflorecence parts of banana and on the same inflorescence DNA samples were captured by 2 minutes dipstick to confirm the presence of Xcm using PCR procedures and eclectroforesis gel picture. Insects were positively identified by entomologist with aid of a dicotomous key and pictures. Significantly a diversified insects were found to be associated with banana in BXW in epidemic areas. The Drosophilidae, Apinae and Tephritidae families were most frequently recorded in banana farms. Bees, grass flies, banana fruit flies, flies, wasps, butterflies, beetles, spiders and black ants formed the diversity. Significantly more bees were recorded followed by flies. Isolates from inflorecence samples, positvely confimed the presence of Xcm through eclectroforesis gel picture in the study area in western Kenya.
Keywords:
- Insect frequency
- abundance
- banana
- xanthomonas wilt
- Kenya
How to Cite
Kisera Kwach, J., & Nyakomitta, P. S. (2022). Diversity of Insects Associated with Banana in Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Epidemic Areas of Western Kenya. Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research, 9(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2022/v9i230137
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Ndungo V, Eden-Green S, Blomme G, Crozier J, Smith JJ. Presence of banana Xanthomonas wilt (Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Plant Pathol. 2006;55:294.
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Billah MK, Mansell MW, De Meyer M, Goergon G. Fruit fly taxonomy, and identification . In. S. Ekesi and M.K. Billah (Eds). A field guide to the management of economically important Tephritid fruit flies in Africa second, edition International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Science Press, Nairobi , Kenya. 2007;H1-19.
Abera-Kalibata AM, Gold CS, Van Driesche RG, Ragama PE. Composition, distribution, and relative abundance of ants in banana farming systems in Uganda. Biological Control. 2007; 40:(2):168-178.
Tinzaara W, Kiggundu A, Gold CS, Tushemereirwe WK, Karamura EB. Management options for highland banana pest and diseases in East and Central Africa. Outlook on Pest Management: 2009;204-208.
Mwangi M, Muthoni S, Nakato V. Evaluation of disinfectants and agrochemicals for their potential in management of Xanthomonas wilt of banana. Poster presented in the ISHS/ProMusa Symposium, Greenway Woods Resort, White River, South Africa; 2007.
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Kwach JK, Nyakomitta PS, Muthomi JW, Ndayitegeye O, Okoko EN. Single stem rouging of banana Xanthomonas Wilt Infected Plants for Orchard Rehabilitation. Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research. 2021;8:(4): 12-25.
Kikulwe EM, Okurut S, Ajambo S, Gotor E, Ssali T, Kubiriba J, Karamura E. Does gender matter in effective management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt? Insights from a survey among rural banana farming households in Uganda. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics. 2018;10(3):87-98.
Available:http:// faostat.fao.org / site / 340 / default. aspx
Tripathi L, Tripathi JN, Tushemereirwe WK. Control of banana xanthomona. Wilt Disease Using Genetic Engineering. In. Proceeding of. International Conference,on Banana & Plantain in Africa, (Eds.: T. Dubois et al.,) International Society for, Horticultural Science Acta Horticulturae 2010;(879):649-657.
Musabyimana T, Reddy KVS, Ngode L. Evaluation of banana cultivars for resistance to the banana weevils Cosmopolites sordideus and nematodes in western Kenya. International Society for Hohrticultural Science. Acta Horticulturae. 2000;(540):233-238.
Kwach KJ, Makworo S, Nasambu O, Onyango M. Performance of banana cultivars in South Western Kenya. International Society for Hohrticultural Science. Acta Horticulturae. 2000; (540):239-243.
Ndayitegeye O, Onyando JO, Okwany RO, Kwach JK. Evaluation of CROPWAT 8.0 MODEL in predicting the yield of East Africa Highland Banana under different sets of irrigation schedule Vegetative Growth of Banana as Influenced by Deficit Irrigation and Irrigation Interval. Fundamental and Applied Agriculture. 2020;5:(3):344– 352.
DOI: 10.5455/Faa.9338
Yirgou D, Bradbury JF. Bacterial wilt of enset (Ensete ventricosa) incited by Xanthomonas pv mussearum. Phytopathology. 1968;(58):111-112.
Ssekiwoko F, Turyagyenda LF, Mukasa H, Eden- Green S, Blomme G. Spread of, banana Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in banana (Musa ssp.) plants, following infection of the male inflorescence. In. Proceeding of. International Conference, on Banana & Plantain in Africa, Eds.: T. Dubois et al., International Society for, Horticultural Science Acta Horticulturae. 2010; (879):349-356
Mbaka JN, Nakato VG, Auma J, Odero B. Status of banana Xanthomonas wilt in Western Kenya and factors enhancing its spread. African Crop Science Conference Proceedings. 2009;(9):673–676.
Onyango M, Inzaule SS, Odongo M. A country report on Banana Xanthomonas wilt, in Kenya. A paper presented in Rwanda on banana inception workshop. Banana, Xanthomonas wilt Project for the staple crops programme on 8-9 July 2008. Kigali, Rwanda; 2008.
Karamura E, Kayobyo G, Blomme G, Benin S, Eden-Green SJ, Markham R. Impacts of XW epidemic on the livelihoods of rural communities in Uganda. In: Saddler, G., Elphinstone, J. and Smith, J. (Eds.), p. 57. Programme and Abstract Book of the 4th International Bacterial Wilt Symposium, 17th-20th July 2006, The Lakeland Conference Centre, Central Science laboratory, York, UK; 2006.
Blomme G, Ocimati W, Sivirihauma C, Vutseme L, Mariamu B, Kamira M, van Schagen B, Ekboir J, Ntamwira JA. Control package revolving around the removal of single diseased banana stems is effective for the restoration of Xanthomonas wilt infected fields. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 2017;149:(2):385–400.
Kwach KJ. Occurrence of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt in Kenya and potential approaches to rehabilitation of infected orchards Ph.D. Thesis in Crop Protection. University of Nairobi, Kenya; 2014.
Uwamahoro F, Berlin A, Bylund H, Bucagu C, Yuen J. Management strategies for banana Xanthomonas wilt in Rwanda include mixing indigenous and improved Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 2019;39:22.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593- 019-0569-z. 18
Buddenhagen IW, Elsasser TA. An insect spread bacterial wilt epiphytotic of Bluggoe Banana. Nature. 1962;194:(4824):164-165.
Tinzaara W, Kiggundu A, Gold CS, Tushemereirwe WK, Karamura EB. Management options for highland banana pest and diseases in East and Central Africa. Outlook on Pest Management: 2009;204-208.
Bioversity International. Control of Xanthomonas wilt of banana.
Available:Http://bananas.bioversity international.org 5 Jan 2011
Tinzaara W, Gold CS, Ssekiwoko F, Bandyopadhyay R, Abera A, Eden- Green SJ. Role of insects in the transmission of banana bacterial wilt. Afican. Crop Science Journal. 2006;(14):105-110.
Ekesi S, Eric Muchugu. Tephritid fruit flies in Africa Fact sheets of some economically important species. In. S. Ekesi and M.K. Billah (Eds) A field guide to the management of economically important Tephritid fruit flies in Africa second edition International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Science Press, Nairobi, Kenya. 2007;B4.
Shimelash D, Alemu T, Addis T, Turyagyenda FL, Blomme G. Banana, Xanthomonas Wilt in Ethiopia: Occurrence and insect vector transmission. African crop science journal. 2008;16:(1):75–87.
Stata (Statistics/Data Analysis) version 12.0. Stata Corp,4905 Lakeway Drive, College, Station, Texas 77845 USA; 2011.
Gold SC, Bandyopadhyay R, Tinzaara W, Ssekiwoko F, Eden-Green S. Identifying insect vectors and transmission mechanisms for BXW. Banana Xanthomonas wilt insect transmission final technical report R8484 (ZA0695 and ZA0714) EG. Consulting, Lunsford Lane, Lark field, Kent ME20 6JA, UK 470; 2006.
Ndungo V, Eden-Green S, Blomme G, Crozier J, Smith JJ. Presence of banana Xanthomonas wilt (Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Plant Pathol. 2006;55:294.
McCampbell M, Schut M, Van den Bergh I, Van Schagen B. Xanthomonas wilt of banana in Central Africa: opportunities, challenges, and pathways for citizen science and ICT-based control and prevention strategies. Journal of Life Science. 2018;86:(87):89–100.
Billah MK, Mansell MW, De Meyer M, Goergon G. Fruit fly taxonomy, and identification . In. S. Ekesi and M.K. Billah (Eds). A field guide to the management of economically important Tephritid fruit flies in Africa second, edition International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Science Press, Nairobi , Kenya. 2007;H1-19.
Abera-Kalibata AM, Gold CS, Van Driesche RG, Ragama PE. Composition, distribution, and relative abundance of ants in banana farming systems in Uganda. Biological Control. 2007; 40:(2):168-178.
Tinzaara W, Kiggundu A, Gold CS, Tushemereirwe WK, Karamura EB. Management options for highland banana pest and diseases in East and Central Africa. Outlook on Pest Management: 2009;204-208.
Mwangi M, Muthoni S, Nakato V. Evaluation of disinfectants and agrochemicals for their potential in management of Xanthomonas wilt of banana. Poster presented in the ISHS/ProMusa Symposium, Greenway Woods Resort, White River, South Africa; 2007.
Rice RP, Rice LW. and H. D.Tindal. Fruit and vegetable production in warm climates, Macmillan Education Ltd, London. 1990;65-70.
Kwach JK, Nyakomitta PS, Muthomi JW, Ndayitegeye O, Okoko EN. Single stem rouging of banana Xanthomonas Wilt Infected Plants for Orchard Rehabilitation. Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research. 2021;8:(4): 12-25.
Kikulwe EM, Okurut S, Ajambo S, Gotor E, Ssali T, Kubiriba J, Karamura E. Does gender matter in effective management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt? Insights from a survey among rural banana farming households in Uganda. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics. 2018;10(3):87-98.
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